| 摘要: |
| 临港新片区作为典型陆海联通区域，陆域水系经农田、商业区、居民区、湿地等区域携带污染物经南汇东滩湿地汇入海洋，近年来，经济迅猛发展所带来的环境问题不容小觑。为了解临港新片区从陆到海的生态环境状况，本研究开展了水环境、沉积物环境以及生物生态群落结构调查，采用多种指数模型对临港新片区生态系统健康进行了综合评价。结果表明：总氮（TN）为水体的主要营养元素，与施用氮肥等农业活动、生活污水排放以及建筑施工导致的点源污染有关；总磷（TP）是影响滴水湖区水质的主要指标；水体中重金属整体污染水平较低。沉积物中TP是主要营养元素，重金属含量呈现出Cd＞Cu＞Cr＞Pb的规律。虽然潜在生态风险指数（RI）表明研究区域整体处于低风险水平，但Cd导致的较高的潜在生态风险仍值得关注。从陆到海的种类多样性指数（H′）逐渐升高，生物多样性逐渐增加。总体来看，从陆到海水体生态质量整体呈现波动变好的趋势，但营养元素N、P及重金属Cd污染需重点关注。对研究区域进行的风险预警评价表明，陆域水体为较安全状态，近岸海域为安全状态，N、P元素可能引起的富营养化是临港新片区现阶段面临的关键问题。因此，针对性地确定生态优化与恢复策略以提升临港新片区的整体环境质量至关重要。 |
| 关键词: 陆海联通|生态质量综合评价|风险预警体系|临港新片区 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20230629001 |
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| 基金项目:陆海联通模式下典型水系协同生境恢复关键技术研究（22dz1202602） |
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| Comprehensive evaluation of ecological quality of land-sea integration water system in Lin-gang Special Area based on the scale of small watershed |
| WANG Xin,MO Zilong,YIN Jie,JIAO Junpeng,HE Wenhui,LI Juanying |
| (College of Oceanography and Ecological Science，Shanghai Ocean University. Shanghai 201306，China;Research Center for the Construction of River-Lake Food Chains and Resource Utilization in Shanghai，Shanghai 201702，China) |
| Abstract: |
| The Lin-gang Special Area，as a typical land-sea integration region，is characterized by a water system that transports pollutants from farms，commercial areas，residential areas，wetlands and other areas to the ocean via the Dongtan Wetland of Nanhui. In recent years，the environmental problems caused by rapid economic development in the region should not be underestimated. To better understand the ecological conditions from land to sea in Lin-gang Special Area，a survey covering water，sediments，and ecological community structure，as well as a comprehensive evaluation on ecosystem health of Lin-gang Special Area’s were conducted used multiple index models in this study. Results indicated that the total nitrogen (TN) was the main nutrient element in the water，which was resulted from the agricultural activities such as nitrogen fertilizer application，domestic sewage discharge and point-source discharge related to construction. Total phosphorus (TP), and important indicator, was threatening the water quality of Dishui Lake while the content of heavy metals of the water was low. In sediments，TP was the main nutrient，and the content of heavy metals descended in the order of Cd，Cu，Cr and Pb. Although the potential ecological risk index (RI) was low in the region，the greater potential ecological risk induced by Cd need to be paid more attention. The Shannon-Winner diversity index (H') and biodiversity steadily increased from land to sea. In general，the ecological quality of water bodies from land to sea was improving，although nutrient element N，P and heavy metal Cd contamination must be addressed. Finally，based on the results of the current study，a land-sea integrated early warning system for ecological risk was developed. Results showed that land water is safer and the near-shore area is safe，the eutrophication that may be caused by nitrogen and phosphorus elements is the primary issues confronting Lin-gang Special Area at the stage. As a result，it is critical to develop ecological optimization and restoration strategies for local conditions in order to improve the overall environmental quality of Lin-gang Special Area. |
| Key words: land-sea integration|comprehensive evaluation of ecological quality|early warning system for risks|Lin-gang Special Area |
