| 摘要: |
| 海湾型城市是连接陆地和海洋的具有特定结构和功能的城市单元，因其优越的地理位置、发达的内陆腹地、强大的港口功能、良好的人文环境，海湾型城市发展具有特殊性。海湾型城市海岸带生态保护修复面临的主要难题及其对策建议如下：①发展产生的生态问题如何解决？因早期拓展城市发展空间进行的围海造地、围海筑堤、砍伐红树林等造成城市海岸带生态环境不同程度受损。应科学编制生态保护修复规划，根据受损区域，制定一区一策，因地制宜开展保护修复，可有效保障海岸带生态廊道连通性；②生态产品价值如何提升？海岸带保护修复生态产品价值实现路径尚不成熟，导致海岸带生态保护修复项目投资收益无法形成闭环，很难缓解保护修复资金来源单一、后期维护资金不足的问题。创新海洋生态产品价值实现机制，推进生态环境导向的开发模式和投融资模式创新，可成为促进海洋生态产品价值实现的有效途径；③系统性保护如何实施？部分城市海岸带生态保护修复项目存在修复内容缺乏整体性设计，修复区域单一分段，拼凑性明显，片面追求单一目标、忽视水土气候等立地条件种树种草等现象。应从海岸带生态系统整体性出发，探索建立“流域-河口-海湾”的生态保护修复联动机制，可有效促进陆海统筹、系统性保护修复理念实践；④公众参与度如何提高？保护修复项目实施过程中，项目前期评审和后期监管目前尚没有涉及公众参与环节。应坚持以人为本，增强公众和社会团体生态保护意识，充分发挥区域合作优势，有助于保护修复工作顺利开展；⑤保护修复成果长效性如何保证？部分生态保护修复项目因前期论证不足、设计不合理，导致实施过程中方案变更，影响整体修复进度和修复效果。应综合运用多种监测监管手段，科学构建生态保护修复综合技术体系，有助于修复见实效。厦门市作为我国海湾型城市高质量发展的代表，其在发展过程中形成的“厦门经验”，对于解决海湾型城市海岸带生态保护修复面临的难题具有很强的参考价值。做好海湾型城市海岸带生态保护修复工作，有助于提高城市海岸带生态廊道连通性，为建设美丽中国、美丽海湾提供重要支撑。 |
| 关键词: 海湾型城市|海岸带|生态保护修复|难题|对策建议 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20240218001 |
|
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3108003，2023YFC3108004) |
|
| Challenges of ecological protection and restoration in coastal zone of bay cities in China |
| XU Yan,ZENG Rong,ZHANG Yujia,AI Yangyi,LU Wenhai |
| (National Marine Data and Information Service，Tianjin 300171，China) |
| Abstract: |
| The bay city is an urban unit with a specific structure and function connecting land and sea. Due to its superior geographical location，developed inland hinterland，strong port functions，and good cultural environment，the development of the bay cities are uniqueness. The main probelms and countermeasures for ecological protection and restoration of the coastal zone in bay cities are mainly as follows：(1)How to solve the ecological problems arising from development? Due to the early expansion of urban development space，the ecological environment of urban coastal zone is damaged with varying degrees by land reclamation，sea embankment，mangrove felling，etc. Scientific and effective ecological protection and restoration planning should be designed，and “one zone-one policy” should be formulated according to the local conditions of damaged area，which can effectively guarantee the connectivity of coastal ecological corridors. (2)How to improve the value of ecological products? The path to realize the value of ecological products in coastal protection and restoration is still immature，resulting in the failure of forming a closed loop of investment income for coastal ecological protection and restoration projects，and it is difficult to alleviate the problems of the single source of funds for protection and restoration，and the insufficient maintenance funds in the later stage. Innovating the value realization mechanism of marine ecological products and promoting the innovation of ecological environment-oriented development and investment-financing models，can become an effective way to promote the realization of the value of marine ecological products. (3)How to implement systematic protection? Some urban coastal ecological protection and restoration projects lack an overall design of restoration content. The restoration area is single segmented，and the bricolage is obvious. One-sided pursuit of a single goal，ignoring the site conditions such as water，soil and climate for planting trees and grass. Starting from the integrity of the coastal ecosystem，exploring the establishment of an ecological protection and restoration linkage mechanism of “river basin-estuary-bay” can effectively promote the practice of land-sea coordination and systematic protection and restoration. (4)How to improve the public participation? In the process of implementation of the protection and restoration project，The public participation in the pre-project evaluation and post-project supervision of the project is not yet involved. Adhering to people-oriented principles，enhancing the awareness of ecological protection among the public and social groups，and fully leveraging the advantages of regional cooperation should be helpful to the successful development of protection and restoration work. (5)How to ensure the long-term effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration? Due to the insufficient demonstration and unreasonable design in the early state，the plan of some ecological protection and restoration projects have to change in the implementation process，which might affect the overall restoration progress and restoration effect. The comprehensive use of various monitoring and supervision methods，and the scientific construction of ecological protection and restoration comprehensive technical system will help to achieve the effective restoration. As a representative of the high-quality development of China’s bay-type garden city，the “Xiamen Experience” has a strong reference value for solving the problems faced by the coastal ecological protection and restorationin bay cities. Doing a good job in the ecological protection and restoration in the coastal zone of bay cities will help improve the connectivity of urban coastal ecological corridors and provide important support for the construction of beautiful China and beautiful bays. |
| Key words: bay city|coastal zone|ecological protection and restoration|challenge|countermeasures and suggestions |
