| 摘要: |
| 河口鱼类生态廊道是陆海联动生态廊道的重要组成部分，在维护生物多样性、保障渔业资源和促进生态系统健康方面发挥着不可替代的作用，为鱼类提供迁徙、繁殖、觅食和生存的必要通道，对于保持河口水生生态系统“三场一通道”（繁殖场、育幼场、觅食场和迁徙通道）的完整性和功能性至关重要。然而河口鱼类生态廊道的研究面临着目标物种观测跟踪难、河口维度复杂、生境因子高度动态性等挑战。因此，需要对河口鱼类迁徙行为、生态廊道主要生境类型有更深刻的理解和研究，并且采取综合性、动态性和适应性的生态廊道识别评估、保护修复和规划构建方法，以确保其连通性和生态功能的长期维持。本文对河口鱼类多样化的迁移行为和生态廊道内复杂的生境类型进行了梳理，阐述了识别河口鱼类潜在的迁移路线和生活史周期中关键生境的技术进展，从功能效益和经济成本两个方面总结了河口鱼类生态廊道的评估方法，探讨了河口鱼类生态廊道保护措施和工程修复技术的最新进展，并提出结合结构和功能连通性能进行更有效的河口鱼类生态廊道规划和构建的观点。展望未来，本文强调了多尺度规划、生态网络集成、采用新型生境恢复技术以及整合生态系统服务功能的重要性，并提出了开展跨学科合作、公众参与和政策支持的必要性，以实现河口鱼类生态廊道的长期保护和生态系统的可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 河口鱼类|生态廊道|通道路径识别|生境保护修复 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20240513002 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2023YFD2401903）；国家自然科学基金（32071584，32072982，32271658）；上海市优秀学术带头人计划(21XD1405000) |
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| Research progresses on estuarine fish ecological corridors |
| ZHANG Tingting,ZHAO Feng,WANG Sikai,YANG Gang,ZHANG Tao,YUAN Rui |
| (East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences，Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment of Yangpu，Shanghai 200090，China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Resources Enhancement and Ecological Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary，Shanghai 200090，China) |
| Abstract: |
| As an important part of the land-sea linkage ecological corridor，the estuarine fish ecological corridors play an irreplaceable role in maintaining biodiversity，safeguarding fishery resources and promoting ecosystem health. They also provide essential passages for fish to migrate，reproduce，feed，and survive，and are crucial for preserving the integrity and functionality of the “three fields and one corridor” (spawning grounds，nursery grounds，foraging grounds，and migration corridors) in estuarine aquatic ecosystems. However，research on estuarine fish ecological corridors faces challenges such as the difficulty in observing and tracking target species，the complexity of estuarine dimensions，and the high dynamics of habitat factors. Therefore，It is necessary to have a deeper understanding and study of the migratory behavior of estuarine fish and the main habitat types of ecological corridors. It is also necessary to adopt comprehensive，dynamic and adaptive methods for ecological corridor identification，assessment，protection，restoration and planning to ensure the long-term maintenance of its connectivity and ecological functions. In this paper，we summarize the diverse migration behaviors of estuarine fish and the complex habitat types in the ecological corridors and discuss technological advancements in identifying potential migration routes and key habitats in the life history cycle of estuarine fish. We also summarize assessment methods for estuarine fish ecological corridors both from the aspects of functional benefits and economic costs. Based on reviewing the recent progress in conservation measures and engineering restoration techniques for these corridors we propose a perspective on more effective planning and construction of estuarine fish ecological corridors by combining structural and functional connectivity. Looking forward，this article highlights the importance of multi-scale planning，ecological network integration，the adoption of novel habitat restoration technologies and the integration of ecosystem service functions. It also emphasizes the necessity of interdisciplinary cooperation，public participation and policy support to achieve long-term protection of estuarine fish ecological corridors and sustainable development of ecosystems. |
| Key words: estuarine fish|ecological corridor|corridor path recognition|habitat protection and restoration |
