| 摘要: |
| 深海在黑暗、高静水压、低温（黑烟囱等热液系统除外）和寡营养的极端环境下形成了特殊的生境。对深海生物/微生物的研究，不仅可以揭示各种深海生物的生理代谢特性和动态变化规律，而且有助于深海生物资源的开发利用，特别是深海微生物碳循环机制的相关研究可为全球实现碳中和目标提供新的路线图。研究深海生物的首要条件是获得大量保持原位特性的样本，然而传统深海采样手段的局限可能导致深海相关研究结果无法反映深海环境下真实的生命过程，亟需发展满足深海生物原位研究的采样方法和生态监测技术。本文对深海生物研究现状，相关科学问题和原位组学研究进展，以及原位生态监测装备研发和应用进行综述，并对深海原位生物实验室进行了展望。 |
| 关键词: 海洋生物学 新陈代谢 基因定量 核酸提取 分子检测 自动化装备 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2022.03.019 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划专项资助项目（2016YFC0302500）；中国科学院特别研究助理资助项目；海南省自然科学基金面上资助项目（420MS077）；三亚市科技资助项目（2019YD03，2020KS01） |
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| Advances in deep-sea in situ biological research and ecosystem observation |
| WANG Yong,ZHENG Pengfei,HE Lisheng,LI Jun,CHEN Jun,GAO Zhaoming,LI Wenli,ZHANG Aiqun |
| (Institute of DeepSea Science and Engineering, CAS, Sanya 572000, China;Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The extreme conditions of the deep-sea zones, such as darkness, high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature (except for black smoker system with hydrothermal activities) and oligotrophication, are factors driving the formation of unique ecosystems. The studies of deep-sea organisms in situ can not only reveal the physiological and metabolic characteristics and dynamic changes of various deep-sea organisms, but also contribute to the development and utilization of deep-sea biological resources. Especially the research on the carbon cycling mechanism mediated by deep-sea microorganisms may provide a new road map for global carbon neutrality. The prior requirement for studying the organisms in deep-sea is to obtain a large number of in situ samples with characteristics well preserved. However, the limitations of traditional deep-sea sampling methods may lead to the morphological and physiological changes of deep-sea organisms, which results in failure in detection of the real in situ life process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the new sampling methods and optical equipment to satisfy the requirements of the deep-sea biological studies in situ . In this review, we summarize the status and key questions of the deep-sea biology, the progress of deep-sea in situ biological research, the development and application of deep-sea ecological in situ monitoring equipment, and the prospect of deep-sea in situ biological laboratory. |
| Key words: marine biology metabolism gene quantification nucleic acid extraction molecular detection automatic equipment |
