| 摘要: |
| 在陆海交界区域有效构建生物通道可以丰富该区域生物多样性，提升滨海生态品质与综合服务功能，推动海陆空间联动高质量发展。本研究以位于崇明岛北侧的北湖为例，研究利用既有沟槽和涵闸构建潮汐生物通道的可行性方案，基于二维水动力数值模型和盐度模型，分析不同潮汐生物通道规模下的水动力特性及其对内陆水体的影响，探讨生物通道植物配置和运行管理措施。结果表明：①选择合适的生物通道长度和堰坝间距、缝宽，可使生物通道在涨落潮一定时间内获得适宜鱼类等生物通行的流速；②构建适宜规模的陆海连通生物通道，既可以满足陆海连通生物通道要求，又可以防止风暴潮灾害风险；③崇明北湖遭遇长江口北支10年一遇重现期典型潮汐情况下水位变化约20 cm，遭遇100年一遇风暴潮情况下水位仍能控制在设防水位以下；④受长江口北支每天两涨两落咸潮、浑水和污染水体影响，建议在生物通道开展生境营造、在北湖湖区开展生境修复，植物配置应考虑流速、水位变化和咸淡混合区的特点。 |
| 关键词: 陆海连通|生物通道|鱼道|长江口|崇明岛 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20240221002 |
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| 基金项目:上海市“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(22DZ1202606，22DZ1202704，22DZ1209605) |
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| A study on construction of tidal biological channels connecting land and sea and its impact on inland water bodies: taking the North Branch of the Yangtze River Estuary and the North Lake as an example |
| JI Yongxing,TENG Fei,YAO Yixian,LI Lu |
| (Shanghai Water Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.，Ltd.，Shanghai 200232，China;Shanghai Ocean Engineering Design and Research Institute of Arcplus Group，Shanghai 200232，China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center on Coastal Zone，Shanghai 200232，China) |
| Abstract: |
| The establishment of effective biological corridors in the land-sea transitional zone can enhance the biodiversity of the area，elevate the ecological quality and overall service capabilities of the coastal realm，and foster the high-quality advancement of integrated sea-land development. This study takes Chongming North Lake，located on the north side of Chongming Island，as a case of study to examine the viability of developing tidal fishways utilizing existing trenches and culverts. Based on a 2D hydrodynamic numerical model and salinity model，the hydrodynamic characteristics of different tidal fishway sizes and their impact on inland water bodies are analysed，and the plant configuration and operation management measures of biological channels explored. Results indicate that，firstly，by selecting the appropriate length of the biological corridor the distance between dams，and the width of the gaps，it is possible to achieve an optimal flow velocity within the corridor for the passage of fish and other organisms during specific period of tidal flux. Secondly，constructing a suitable scale of land sea connected biological pathway can satisfy the functional requirements while mitigating the risks associated with storm surge disasters. Thirdly，under typical tidal conditions with a 10-year recurrence interval，the water level in Chongming North Lake fluctuates by about 20 cm. Even under a 100 year storm surge scenario，the water level can be managed to remain below the designed limit. Fourthly，considering the daily influx of saline water，turbid water and polluted water bodies in the northern branch of the Yangtze River Estuary，it is recommended to undertake habitat creation within the biological corridor and to restore habitats in the North Lake area. The arrangement of vegetation should take into account the dynamics of flow velocity，water level variations，and the mixed zones of brackish-water. |
| Key words: land-sea connectivity|biological channels|tidal fishway|Yangtze River Estuary|Chongming Island |
