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| 海洋生态廊道研究进展：概念、方法与展望 |
| 杜建国,陈琳,胡文佳,蔡锋,周秋麟,丁丽可,郑新庆,陈彬 |
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| (自然资源部第三海洋研究所，福建 厦门 361005;APEC海洋可持续发展中心，福建 厦门 361005;自然资源部海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室，福建 厦门 361005;汕头大学，广东 汕头 515063) |
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| 摘要: |
| 作为一种有效的生物多样性保护模式，生态廊道已经成为全球生态学研究的热点之一。然而，目前大部分研究侧重于陆地生态廊道，有关海洋生态廊道的理论和实践均较少。我国对海洋生态廊道的研究才进入起步阶段，是海洋生态保护修复和管理必须加强的领域。本文对生态廊道的国内外研究进展进行了综述，介绍了生态廊道的概念与演变，阐述了海洋生态廊道的定义和内涵。结合VOSviewer知识图谱可视化软件，系统分析了1995—2023年国内外海洋生态廊道领域发表的文献，梳理了近30年该领域研究的热点和趋势。收集了代表性的海洋生态廊道研究案例，凝练归纳出了通用的研究思路和具体技术方法，即首先选择目标物种并分析生活史等数据，其次编制并论证海洋生态廊道识别具体方案，然后进行相关补充调查与调研，最后对海洋生态廊道进行空间边界识别和绘制。在此过程中采用的具体技术方法包括包络边界法、最低成本路径法与水文-生态耦合模型法等。本文还进一步从四个方面提出研究建议：一是加强全球变化背景下不同尺度不同生物类群连通性维持机制研究，为生态廊道的识别与构建打下坚实的科学基础；二是基于多学科交叉建立可覆盖多种海洋物种应对全球变化的生态廊道时空识别技术；三是探索适用的管理模式与管控方法，强化对生态廊道的保护修复与监测预警；四是建立有效的国际合作框架，研发国际通用的技术指南，以期为海洋生物多样性和生态系统的整体保护、系统修复和综合治理提供科学参考。 |
| 关键词: 海洋生态廊道|连通性|生态系统完整性|海洋生态保护|海洋生态修复 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20240424001 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0802204)；国家自然科学基金(42176153，41676096)；海洋生态预警监测项目“海洋生态廊道研究”(HR04-210705) |
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| Research progress on marine ecological corridors: concepts, methods and prospects |
| DU Jianguo,CHEN Lin,HU Wenjia,CAI Feng,ZHOU Qiulin,DING Like,ZHENG Xinqing,CHEN Bin |
| (Third Institute of Oceanography，MNR，Xiamen 361005，China;APEC Marine Sustainable Development Center，Xiamen 361005，China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration，MNR，Xiamen 361005，China;Shantou University，Shantou 515063，China) |
| Abstract: |
| As an effective method of biodiversity conservation，ecological corridors have become one of the hotspots of global ecological research. However，at present，most of the research focuses on terrestrial ecological corridors，and there is relatively little theoretical and practical research on marine ecological corridors. The study of marine ecological corridors in China is still at the infant stage，and it is an area that needs to be strengthened for marine ecological protection，restoration，and management. This paper reviews the progress of research on ecological corridors globally，introduces the concept and development of ecological corridors，and elaborates on the definition and connotation of marine ecological corridors. Using the knowledge graph visualization software VOS viewer，a systematic analysis of literature published in the field of marine ecological corridors from 1995 to 2023 was conducted，and the hot topics and trends of research in this field over the past 30 years were summarized. A comprehensive review of representative case studies on marine ecological corridors were conducted，and general research process and specific technical methods were systematically summarized. Firstly，selecting the target species and analyzing the life history and other data，secondly，compiling and demonstrating the specific plan for identifying the marine ecological corridors，then carrying out the relevant supplementary surveys and research，and finally，identifying and drawing the spatial boundaries of the marine ecological corridors. The specific technical methods used in this process include the envelope boundary method，the least-cost path method and the hydro-ecological coupling model method，etc. This paper further proposes research in four aspects：first，to strengthen research on the connectivity maintenance mechanism of different biological groups at different scales under the background of global change，so as to lay a solid scientific foundation for the identification and construction of ecological corridors；second，to establish a spatial and temporal identification technology of ecological corridors based on the interdisciplinary establishment of ecological corridors covering a variety of marine species to cope with global change；third，to explore the applicable management mode and control methods，and strengthen the protection，restoration，monitoring and early warning of ecological corridors；fourth，to establish an effective international cooperation framework and develop internationally applicable technical guidelines to provide scientific reference for the overall protection and systematic restoration of marine biodiversity and ecosystems. |
| Key words: marine ecological corridors|ecological connectivity|ecosystem integrity|marine ecological conservation|marine ecological restoration |
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