| 摘要: |
| 海岸带蓝碳生态系统已成为应对气候变化重要的基于自然的解决方案。本研究梳理了全球海岸带蓝碳生态系统的分布、碳封存量和封存价值，并根据经济、科技、蓝碳封存量三个指标对各海岸带国家和地区进行分类。海岸带蓝碳生态系统分布最广的国家是澳大利亚、印度尼西亚、墨西哥和美国，而印度尼西亚、澳大利亚、马来西亚和巴西碳埋藏量最高。全球每年蓝碳埋藏价值在碳交易和碳税价格下分别为3.47×109美元和2.35×109美元。中国拥有丰富的海岸带蓝碳资源，生态系统面积排名第10，年封存量排名第21；然而蓝碳自然资源的赋存禀赋与现有碳价格体系下的价值匹配性较差，基于碳交易价格的中国海岸带蓝碳埋藏价值全球排名第27，基于碳税价格仅排名第39。碳价格低迷将会导致在国际蓝碳交易中处于劣势，中国后续应不断完善碳排放交易市场。中国具有在蓝碳研究以及修复投入与实践方面的优势，以及贝藻养殖、海洋牧场等特色蓝碳资源，可结合不同类型的蓝碳国家经济科技条件与自然条件制定多元合作策略。 |
| 关键词: 海洋环境科学 海岸带蓝碳生态系统 碳达峰 基于自然的解决方案 国际合作 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20220428001 |
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| 基金项目:自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室开放研究基金(MED202001)；福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室开放基金(EPR2021003)；科学技术部资助项目(2019YFD0901305)；浙江省软科学计划（2021C25019） |
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| Value accounting and type analysis of coastal blue carbon resources in the world coastal countries |
| FENG Cuicui,GONG Yuyan,YE Guanqiong,ZENG Jiangning,TANG Jianwu,FANG Qinhua,DU Jianguo |
| (Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanology, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;Third Institute of Oceanology, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The coastal blue carbon ecosystem has become an important naturebased solution to climate change. This study sorts out the coastal blue carbon resources, annual carbon burial and burial value in the coastal countries, and classifies them according to three indicators of economy, science and technology, and blue carbon burial. The countries with the widest distribution of coastal blue carbon ecosystems are Australia, Indonesia, Mexico and the United States, while Indonesia, Australia, Malaysia and Brazil have the highest carbon burial. The global annual carbon burial values under carbon trading prices and carbon tax prices are $3.47×109 and $2.35×109, respectively. China has rich coastal blue carbon resources, the coastal blue carbon system area ranks 10th globally, while China’s annual coastal blue carbon burial capacity every year ranks the 21st in the world. However, the resource endowment of coastal blue carbon ecosystems is poorly matched with the value under the existing carbon price system, the coastal blue carbon burial value ranks the 27th under carbon trading prices while the 39th under carbon tax prices. The low carbon price will lead to a disadvantage in the international blue carbon trading. Thus, China should continue to improve the carbon emission trading market. However, China has advantages in blue carbon research and restoration investment and practice, as well as characteristic blue carbon resources such as seaweed farming and marine ranching. China can formulate diversified cooperation strategies in combination with the economic and technological conditions as well as natural geographical conditions of different types of blue carbon countries. |
| Key words: marine environment science coastal blue carbon ecosystem carbon emission peak nature-based solutions international cooperation |
