| 摘要: |
| 为探究华南沿海海草床大型底栖动物群落特征、地区差异及其与海草群落间的关系，2020年在华南沿海12个海草床区域开展了大型底栖动物调查。共布设33个调查断面99个站位，在主要群落参数的基础上，运用相关性分析和聚类分析、nMDS排序、相似性百分比分析等群落生态学统计方法分析了底栖动物群落特征及其与海草群落的关系。共鉴定出大型底栖动物9大门类199种，其中，软体动物种类最多，占总种类数的39.7%。各区域底栖动物的平均栖息密度为155.7 ind/m2，青葛—龙湾（琼海）的平均栖息密度最低，珍珠湾（防城港）的平均栖息密度最高；平均生物量为118.36 g/m2，最低值出现在义丰溪（汕头），最高值出现在珍珠湾。各区域底栖动物的优势种以潮间带泥沙滩常见腹足类、双壳类和多毛类为主；底栖动物的种类多样性指数（H′）平均值为1.12，最低值出现在唐家湾（珠海），最高值出现在铁山港（北海）；各调查区域底栖动物主要群落参数大致呈现“北部湾>海南沿岸>珠江口及粤东”的规律。华南沿海海草床分布区大型底栖动物群落的区域性特征较为明显，地理位置相近的海草床底栖动物群落特征相似性程度较高。海草密度越大，总生物量越高，越有利于底栖动物的种类多样性指数维持在更高水平。以大、中型海草为主的海草床，相较于面积小，以小型海草为主的海草床，其区域内的大型底栖动物群落结构更为复杂。 |
| 关键词: 海洋生态学 海草床 大型底栖动物 群落特征 华南沿海 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.20220703002 |
|
| 基金项目:广东省平台基地及科技基础条件建设（2021B1212050025）； 中国海洋发展基金会（CODF-002-ZX-2021）； 自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室2020年度自主设立课题（MESTA 2020 C006）；2022年省级促进经济高质量发展（海洋经济发展）海洋六大产业专项（GDNRC\[2022\]48） |
|
| Preliminary study on characteristics of macrobenthic communities in seagrass bed areas in South China Coast |
| GUO Zhiming,YANG Xi,YU Wei,YANG Zhenxiong,Lv Yihua |
| (South China Sea Ecological Center, MNR, Guangzhou 510300, China;Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Hainan, Guangzhou 510300, China;Hanjiang EstuaryNanao Island Marine Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Guangzhou 510300, China;Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, MNR, Guangzhou 510300, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the characteristics and regional differences of macrobenthic communities in seagrass beds in South China Coast, a survey was carried out in 12 seagrass beds in South China Coast in 2020. A total of 33 sections and 99 sites were investigated and the species composition, density, biomass, dominant species and the diversity parameters of macrobenthic community were calculated. Then we use statistical methods such as correlation analysis, cluster analysis, nMDS analysis and similarity analysis to describe the characteristic of the macrobenthic community and its relationship with seagrass communities. A total of 199 species of macrobenthos from 9 phyla were identified, among which mollusk species accounted for 39.7%. The average density of benthos was 155.7 ind/m2 with the lowest density in Qingge-longwan (Qionghai) and the highest in Zhenzhu Bay (Fangchenggang). The average biomass was 118.36 g/m2 with the lowest biomass Yifeng River (Shantou) and the highest in Zhenzhu Bay (Fangchenggang). The dominant species of benthos were mainly gastropods, bivalves and polychaetes. The average species diversity index of benthos was 1.12 with the lowest in Tangjia Bay (Zhuhai) and the highest in Tieshan Port (Beihai). The most parameters of macrobenthic community showed generally higher in order of Beibu Gulf > Hainan coast > Pearl River Estuary and eastern Guangdong. The regional characteristics of macrobenthic communities of seagrass beds were obvious, and the characteristics of the macrobenthic community were similar in closer seagrass bed areas. The higher the seagrass density and total biomass, the higher the species diversity index. The community structure of macrobenthos in seagrass beds dominated by large and medium-sized seagrass was more complex than that in small seagrass beds. |
| Key words: marine ecology seagrass beds macrobenthos community characteristic South China Coast |
