| 摘要: |
| 互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）作为入侵物种，对我国沿海滩涂生态环境造成不利影响。为筛选成本低、见效快的互花米草化学除控剂，本研究选取了草甘膦、草铵膦2种除草剂，采用盆栽与大田试验探讨除草剂剂量及复配对互花米草的除控效果，通过底栖生物白蛤（Mactra veneriformis）和青蛤（Cyclina sinensis）培养模拟实验评价其生态安全性。结果表明，单一施用时草铵膦效果要优于草甘膦，最佳用量是药剂制造商推荐量的150%，但单一施用对互花米草致死率仅为20%；复配可以显著提高互花米草致死率、降低生物量，草甘膦、草铵膦复配处理的大田试验最佳用量为9 450 mL/hm2、13 500 mL/hm2，致死率可达90%。底栖生物培养试验结果表明，在所应用的剂量范围内，草甘膦和草铵膦对本土底栖生物致死率为0，在体内略有富集，但总体生态安全影响较小。本研究着重于滨海湿地互花米草的化学除控方式及生物安全性评价，以期为今后互花米草的除控研究提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 海洋环境科学 互花米草 化学除控 除草剂 草甘膦 草铵膦 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2022.01.010 |
|
| 基金项目:天津市科技计划资助项目（18ZYYFSF00010）；天津市农业科学院青年科技创新资助项目（2021008） |
|
| Control effects of herbicides on invasive cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands |
| ZHANG Hui,XIAO Hui,ZHOU Bin,MA Zhe,XING Meinan,CHEN Chen,LIU Honglei |
| (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China;Tianjin Academy of Ecological Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China) |
| Abstract: |
| As invasive species,Spartina alterniflora, affect adversely the coastal tidal ecosystem in China. Selecting effective herbicides is a low-cost control method. In this study, two herbicides, glyphosate and glufosinate, were selected according to previous studies. Pot experiment and field experiment were conducted to study the effects of dose and compound combination of herbicides on Spartina alterniflora. The biosafety of benthic organisms of Mactra veneriformis and Cyclina sinensis, was evaluated by culture experiment. Results showed that the effect of glufosinate was better than that of glyphosate. The optimal dosage was 150% recommended by the manufacturer. However, the mortality of cordgrass using single chemical was only about 20%. Combination of herbicides significantly increased the mortality and reduced the biomass of cordgrass. The optimal dosage for the combination of glyphosate and glufosinate was 9 450 mL/hm2 and 13 500 mL/hm2, respectively. As result, the mortality of compound herbicides treatments reached 90%. The biosafety evaluation test showed that no mortality of herbicides occurred to the native benthos though it enriched slightly in benthic organisms. The chemical control of Spartina alterniflora and biosafety evaluation in coastal wetlands in this study can provide reference for future control of cordgrass. |
| Key words: marine environmental science Spartina alterniflora chemical control herbicides glyphosate glufosinate |
