| 摘要: |
| 本研究利用从南海采集的4种珊瑚分离附生真菌，并通过菌株的分类鉴定及系统发育分析获得珊瑚附生可培养真菌的多样性信息.选用酵母麦芽糖琼脂培养基（YM）、马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（PDA）、马丁氏培养基（Martin）、察氏琼脂培养基（CDA）和孟加拉红培养基（RBM）等5种培养基，采用平板涂布法培养分离附生真菌，基于ITS-rRNA基因序列对真菌菌株进行鉴定和系统发育分析.从4种珊瑚上共分离获得10个属的120 株真菌，分别是：青霉属（ Penicillum ）56株、曲霉属（ Aspergillus ）25株、枝顶孢属（ Acremonium ）2株、枝孢属（ Cladosporium ）5株、毕赤酵母属（ Meyerozyma ）14株、隔孢伏革属（ Peniophora ）2株、拟茎点霉属（ Phomopsis ）1株、裂褶菌属（ Schizophyllum ）1株、梗孢酵母属（ Sterigmatomyces ）13株、篮状菌属（ Talaromyces ）1株.通过对不同珊瑚品种分离获得的附生真菌的比较，发现小叶鹿角珊瑚（ Acropora microphthalma ）和花鹿角珊瑚（ Acropora floride ）上分离到的菌株多样性最高，包含6属10种.进一步的分析发现不同珊瑚样品上真菌种类分布有较大差异，隔孢伏革属和裂褶菌属真菌均分离自小叶鹿角珊瑚，梗孢酵母属和篮状菌属均分离自角孔珊瑚（ Goniopora sp.），扁脑珊瑚（ Platygyra sp.）上则分离到拟茎点霉属.同时还发现不同培养基分离真菌的能力不同，YM培养基分离的菌株最多，CDA培养基分离真菌的多样性最多.以上的研究结果表明，南海珊瑚上存在大量且丰富的真菌资源，可以为后续生物活性物质的开发利用提供良好的菌种资源. |
| 关键词: 海洋生物学 珊瑚 附生真菌 多样性 南海 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2018.01.004 |
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| 基金项目:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（海三科2015020，海三科2016039）；国家国际科技合作专项资助项目（2015DFA20500） |
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| Diversity of cultivable fungi associated with four coral species from the South China Sea |
| GUO Shuang-shuang,XU Wei,Siti Aisyah Alias,HE Gao-yang,LUO Zhu-hua |
| (Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: |
| The diversity of culturable fungi derived from four coral species from the South China Sea were investigated in this study. By spread plate method, YM, PDA, Martin, CDA, RBM media were used to isolate coral-associated fungi. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of coral-associated fungi were conducted based on ITS-rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 120 fungi strains were isolated from 4 corals ( Platygyra sp., Goniopora sp., Acropora microphthalma and Acropora florid ) and these fungi strains belong to 11 genera, including Penicillum (56 strains), Aspergillus (25 strains), Acremonium (2 strains), Cladosporium (5 strains), Meyerozyma (14 strains), Peniophora (2 strains), Phomopsis (1 strain), Schizophyllum (1 strain), Sterigmatomyces (13 strains) and Talaromyces (1 strain). The most diverse coral species was Acropora microphthalma and Acropora floride, both including 6 genus and 10 species. Fungal species distribution varied among different coral species. Peniophora sp. and Schizophyllum commune were only recovered from the coral species Acropora microphthalma , while Sterigmatomyces sp. and Talaromyces verruculosus were only present in the coral species Goniopora sp.. Only one strainPhomopsis sp. was obtained from coral Platygyra sp. Total number and species of culturable fungal strains recovered from the five media. YM media recovered the highest amount of fungal strains, accounting for 29.17% of the total strains. CDA media recovered the most diverse fungal species. These results suggest that there are diverse fungal symbionts associated with corals collected from the South China Sea, which are important sources for marine bioactive compounds. |
| Key words: marine meteorology El Nino southern oscillatio tropical gyclones La Nina ONI MEI |
