| 摘要: |
| 为了了解福建省惠安县大港湾大型底栖动物的群落组成、密度、生物量和生物多样性指数等群落特征，在大港湾布设了12个测站，于2013年1月（冬季）和4月（春季）进行调查.两次调查初步鉴定大型底栖动物174种，冬季99种，春季136种.其中多毛类、甲壳动物、软体动物占总物种数的86.7%，构成了大港湾大型底栖动物的主要类群.平均生物量13.02 g/m2，冬季5.19 g/m2，春季20.54 g/m2；平均密度439.80 ind/m2，冬季402.61 ind/m2，春季475.42 ind/m2.大型底栖动物群落中优势度指数大于2%的物种冬季有11种，春季有8种；以密度、生物量和出现频率3种数据为参数计算的物种相对重要性指数大于1 000的冬、春季都只有模糊新短眼蟹（Neoxenophthalnus obscurus）1种，说明模糊新短眼蟹在该海区的综合优势度较高.冬季和春季的多样性指数（H′）、丰富度指数d与均匀度指数J存在显著差异，总体上冬季明显小于春季.根据群落Bray-Curitis相似性系数对大港湾12个测站进行群落分布聚类分析，12个测站聚类为3组.用多维排序尺度方法对大港湾12个测站进行群落结构分析，呈现的不同程度分离点阵表明12个测站可划分为3个群落，与群落分布聚类分析结果一致. |
| 关键词: 海洋生物学 大型底栖动物 群落特征 福建大港湾 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:福建省科技计划社会发展重点资助项目(2012Y0071)；福建省公益类科研院所专项资助项目(2014R1102) |
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| Macrobenthos ecological study in Dagang Bay， Fujian province |
| ZHOU Zhidong,ZHANG Yueping,LI Haiping,LUO Qiaoqi |
| (Fujian Institute of Oceanography， Xiamen 361013， China) |
| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the community structure of the benthos in Dagang Bay， the density， biomass and biological diversity index are studied at 12 stations of the bay on January of 2013 and April of 2013. A total of 174 macrobenthic species， including 136 species in spring and 99 species in winter， are reported. It shows that Polychaeta， Echinodermata， Mollusca and Crustaceans accounts for 86.7% of all species， which constituted most of the macrobenthos. Average biomass is 13.02 g/m2， with 20.54 g/m2 in spring and 5.19 g/m2 in winter. Average abundance is 439.80 ind/m2，with 475.42 ind/m2 in spring and 402.61 ind/m2 in winter. There are 11 species in winter and 8 species in spring with dominance index higher than 2%. The only species with IRI above 1 000 is Neoxenophthalnus obscurus in both winter and spring. The Shannon-Wiener index（H′）， Margalef index（d） and evenness index （J） are quite different between seasons and they are generally much lower in winter than spring. Cluster analysis shows that the macrobenthic communities of Dagang Bay constituted 3 groups. Besides， the result of multidimensional scaling ordination analysis （MDS） is consistent with the clustering outcome． |
| Key words: marine biology macrobenthos community characteristics Dagang Bay of Fujian province |
