| 摘要: |
| 威德尔海是南极洲最大的边缘海，南侧毗邻菲尔希纳冰架和龙尼冰架，西侧紧邻南极半岛，东侧可到科兹地一线，北部面向开阔大洋.开展威德尔海的研究工作，对于认识整个南极的构造史、南极环流的发展史和现代气候的演变史有着重要意义.本研究通过卫星测高数据获取了威德尔海区域的水深地形，分析结果表明威德尔海的南侧和西侧呈现出陆架、陆坡、深海平原的典型地形变化特征.根据地形变化初步划分出威德尔海的陆架、陆坡、深海平原、海沟、海脊、海槽与海底高原等地貌类型.威德尔海的中部偏东侧主要分布着深海平原，往北侧受海沟阻隔，地形变化较为复杂.海底高原是南极半岛往东北延伸的水下部分，其间隔形成了鲍威尔海盆、简海盆等水深3 000 m左右的海盆，与4 000～5 000 m的深海平原形成明显的水下阶地形态.深海平原的东北侧海域分布着脊槽相间的地形，以“鲱骨式结构”、海沟等构造地貌类型为主.威德尔海西侧洋陆边界转换带控制了陆架的延伸位置，而东南侧陆架宽度被“发现陡崖”等构造地貌控制.威德尔海的地形地貌特征主要受构造作用控制，同时冰川沉积物的输送在后期对地貌的演变有着一定的影响. |
| 关键词: 海洋地质学 地貌 地形 构造作用 冰川沉积物 威德尔海 |
| DOI：10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2016.03.008 |
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| 基金项目:极地专项资助项目(CHINARE01 03，CHINARE04 01，CHINARE03 03，CHINARE04 03) |
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| Topography and geomorphology of the Weddell Sea and their control factors |
| HU Yi,WANG Liming,FANG Xudong,ZHONG Guicai,XU Jiang,LIN Aijun |
| (Coast and Ocean Geology Laboratory，Third Institute of Oceanography， SOA， Xiamen 361005， China) |
| Abstract: |
| The Weddell Sea is the largest marginal sea in Antarctica， the southern penetrating into Filchner ice shelf and Ronne ice shelf， the western adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula， the eastern close to the Coats Land， the north facing the open sea. The Weddle Sea is a key area to understand the tectonic of the Antarctic and the evolution of the Antarctic circumpolar current， as well as the prevailing climate.The data of water depth in the Weddell Sea were got from the inversion of satellite altimetry.The continental shelf，slope and the abyssal plain are typical in the west and south of the Weddell Sea from the depth. According to the topographic and geographic characteristics， Some geomorphology can be recognized in the Weddell Sea， such as the continental shelf， slope， the abyssal plain， trench， ridge， trough and submarine plateau and so on.The abyssal plain is situated in the middle east of the Weddell Sea. The north was isolated by an oceanic trench. The northeast extension of the Antarctic Peninsula forms the undersea plateau. Powell Basin is surrounded by the undersea plateau， as well as Jane Basin. The depth of these basins is about 3 000 m， and the abyssal plain is about 4 000~5 000 m，obvious submarine terrace forming between them.The “Herringbone fracture zone” is located in the northeast of the abyssal plain， composed by the oceanic ridge and submarine trough. Transfer zone of oceanland boundary in the west of the Weddell Sea controls the extension of the shelf， as well as the southeast shelf is controlled by the “Explora Escarpment”. On the whole，tectonic control the basic geomorphology of the Weddell Sea， and glacial deposits affected the landform in the latter stage． |
| Key words: marine geology geomorphology topography tectonic glacial deposits Weddell Sea |
